Numbers in Python

​You don't need to be a mathematician to code. Programmers only need to know the basics of arithmetic and algebra, the amount of math you need to know depends on the application you are working on. In general, the level of mathematics required to be a programmer is lower than you might expect. Although mathematics and computer programming are not as interconnected as some people think, numbers are an integral part of any programming language, and Python is no exception.

Numerical data types in Python:

Numerical data types in Python are divided in detail into the following four types

• integer


• Decimal numbers or floating-point numbers


• Complex Numbers

We will now explain each of these types in detail.

Integers in Python ( integrer )

In Python, integers can be either zero (Zero Integer), positive (Positive Integer), or negative (Positive Integer). It comes without a fractional part and is of unlimited length.

You must not use commas in numbers of four digits or more, so do not write 1.000 in your program, and writeundefined 1000.

 Example:

a = 235                  #Positive Integer
b = -80                  #Negative Integer
c = 0                      #Zero Integer

 We can create a variable, assign an integer value to it, and then print it

 Example:

my_int = -15
print(my_int)

 The output will be:

-15

 We can perform arithmetic operations on integers in Python directly:

num = 55- 33
print(num)

 The output will be:

22

 Integers can be used in Python in many ways and as you continue to learn, you will have many opportunities to learn more about the uses and manipulation of integers.

 Decimal numbers or floating-point numbers

 Decimals are real numbers written with a decimal point separating whole numbers and fractions. Decimal numbers can contain a fractional part, such as -7.5 or -83.115. We can simply say that decimal numbers are numbers that contain a decimal point.

 Example:

a = 32.65 

 We can create a variable that contains a decimal number and then print it.

 Example:

my_flt = 44.67
print(my_flt)

 The output will be:

44.67

 And just like with integers, we can do arithmetic operations on numbers undefined decimal.

 Example:

flt_num = 366.9 + 175.88
print(flt_num)

 The output will be:

542.78

 Integers differ from decimals in Python as the number 3 is different from the number 3.0, where 3 is an integer, while 3.0 is a decimal number.

 Complex numbers in Python

 Python not only works with real numbers, it also works with complex numbers. And it has many use cases in mathematics. Complex numbers are constructed from two real numbers and an imaginary number. You can create it directly or you can use the (complex) function. And the formula for writing it is like this (x + yj), where x and y are real numbers, and j is an imaginary number, which is the square root of (-1).

 Example:

a = complex('4+6j')
print(a)

 The output will be:

(4+6j)

 In the previous example we have converted the number 4 and the imaginary number 6 into a complex number.

 The complex() function returns a complex number by specifying a real number and an imaginary number. Its syntax is complex(real, imaginary).

 real: is a required entry and indicates the real part of a complex number. By default, it is 0. It can also be represented as a string, like this "3 + 5j", when this is undefined In this case, the second parameter should be omitted.

 imaginary : is an optional part and refers to the imaginary part of a complex number. By default, it is 0.

 Example:

a = complex('4+6j')
print(a)

 The output will be:

(4+6j)

 Arithmetic operations on complex numbers

 As with real numbers, you can perform arithmetic operations on complex numbers such as addition, multiplication, etc. Let's see some examples:

a1 = 5 + 8j
a2 = 3 + 7j
print("Addition of numbers:", a1 + a2)
print("Subtraction of numbers:", a1 - a2)
print("Multiplication of numbers:", a1 * a2)
print("Division of numbers:", a1 / a2)

 The output will be:

Addition of numbers: (8+15j)
Subtraction of numbers: (2+1j)
Multiplication of numbers: (-41+59j)
Division of numbers: (1.2241379310344829-0.18965517241379315j)

 Note: Complex numbers do not support ground division ( // ) and comparison operators ( <, >, <=, =>).

 To learn more about numbers in Python, you can browse the following resources:

 python-numbers - Python documentation

 Complex numbers - Wikipedia

 Complex Numbers With Python